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JEH Quiz #1 (July/August 2010)

Featured Article:
“The Kansas City, Missouri, Ground Level Ozone (GLO) Project: A Community-Based Air Pollution Field Experiment”

Available to NEHA members only, the JEH Quiz, offered six times per calendar year through the Journal of Environmental Health, is a convenient tool for self-assessment and an easily accessible means to accumulate continuing-education (CE) credits toward maintaining your NEHA credentials.

It's a simple process...

Read the featured article in the Journal.
Select the correct answer to each JEH Quiz question and click on the Submit button at the bottom of the page.
One CE credit will be applied to your account with an effective date of May 1, 2010 (first day of issue).
Check your continuing education account online.

Quiz deadline: October 1, 2010

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1.	Ground level ozone is formed by photochemical reactions involving volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx).
	a.	True.
	b.	False.
2.	High ozone levels can affect
	a.	people with asthma.
	b.	people with heart disease or emphysema.
	c.	healthy young adults.
	d.	all of the above.
	e.	a and b only.
3.	Peak ozone is usually expected to occur
	a.	in metropolitan centers.
	b.	at industrial sites.
	c.	upwind of the source area.
	d.	on highways during hours of peak traffic.
4.	Other studies indicate a statistically significant association between short-term changes in ozone and average mortality in large urban communities.
	a.	True
	b.	False
5.	The authors suggest that measurement of neighborhood-scale effects
	a.	is not necessary because a network of strategically-placed continuous monitors can provide high-resolution temporal data across a wide regional area.
	b.	may be useful in understanding the mixing and patterns of ozone precursors.
	c.	is not a reliable measure of population exposure.
	d.	is exemplified by the continuous monitoring program that has been implemented in the Kansas City area.
	e.	a and b only.
6.	U.S. EPA has classified the metropolitan area of Kansas City as a maintenance area for ground level ozone. That means:
	a.	The area is compliant with all U.S. EPA ozone standards.
	b.	The area is compliant with the 8-hour standard for ozone.
	c.	The area has no more than 24 exceedances in 15 days.
	d.	The area previously violated the 1-hour ozone standard and control measures were implemented.
7.	Passive sensing devices
	a.	give results that usually correlate well with those from continuous-monitoring devices.
	b.	are susceptible to variations in temperature and humidity.
	c.	are cylindrical devices, 2 inches in diameter by 3 inches long.
	d.	are just beginning to be used to measure cumulative concentrations of pollutants.
8.	In the authors’ study, use of passive sensing devices showed that
	a.	in Kansas City, the areas immediately to the south and east of the urban core had the highest concentrations of ground level ozone.
	b.	sites where residential areas were located close to commercial areas tended to have elevated ground level ozone.
	c.	ozone concentrations peaked in the first two weeks of July.
	d.	the highest ozone peak in the central downtown area was 54 ppb.
9.	Results from the authors’ study
	a.	confirmed the traditional model of ozone formation, which predicts that ozone levels will peak downwind of precursor gas emission sources.
	b.	showed that ozone levels in the urban core varied constantly with temperature, wind direction, and wind speed.
	c.	found that the urban core had persistent low-flow surface wind conditions.
	d.	conflict with existing data from continuous monitoring.
10.	Which of the following statements is not true?
	a.	Vehicles are a primary source of NOx and VOCs.
	b.	Tall buildings and urban canyons can disrupt airflow and trap exhaust.
	c.	The authors found that the proportion of VOC concentration to NOx concentration in Kansas downtown air was particularly conducive to ozone formation.
	d.	Even under higher-flow wind conditions, precursor emissions escape slowly in the urban core of Kansas City, giving ozone time to form.
11.	Which of the following was a limitation of the study?
	a.	Low-flow conditions made it impossible to reliably monitor wind direction in urban hotspots.
	b.	Because the study measured four-day averages, it did not give fine temporal detail.
	c.	The costly nature of continuous monitoring precluded high-density sampling.
	d.	The study relied on volunteers from the community to collect samples.
12.	Advantages of the approach taken in this study include
	a.	The authors were able to develop highly resolved exposure maps based on detailed air quality observations.
	b.	Working with members of the community lays the foundation for future work in assessing air pollution–related health disparities.
	c.	Community-based participatory research can improve public health professionals’ understanding of how physical and social environments contribute to health problems.
	d.	All of the above.